Medicine
The surgeon of Córdoba drew his instruments
Al-Zahrawi’s great medical work ends with surgery, and with drawings of the tools a surgeon should own.
No. 14 · Fall 2026 · The instruments issue
Writer, medicine
Layla trained as a surgeon before turning to the history of medicine. She writes in English and Arabic.
Al-Zahrawi’s great medical work ends with surgery, and with drawings of the tools a surgeon should own.
Ibn Sina’s Canon was clear, complete and well ordered. Universities kept teaching it long after his death.